Underground Journal

The Anatomy of Termites

When dead organic plant materials are coupled with moist environments, it is not uncommon to find termites. They are often thought to be related to ants because of their similar head-shape, but are quite unique. Though both ants and termites are social creatures, termites are insects with two body segments; a head and a long body. Their antennas are straight and their two sets of wings are identical in size. Termites live in groups called colonies and depending on their role, have specific physical characteristics.

There are several different species of termites, but the roles that colony members hold are standard. The lowest caste is the workers. They are white in color (hence some people calling them white ants) and blind because their eyes are underdeveloped. They use their antennas to navigate and find food. Their role is to feed the rest of the colony and gather food. They also are responsible for the construction of the intricate tunnel system in the nest. Next are the soldiers. They are identified by their abnormally large head with huge jaws. They use this to help defend the nest from intruders such as ants. Their head is used to block the tunnel entrances and their jaw is used as a weapon. In fact, their jaw is some large that they are unable to feed themselves.

The winged caste is the black bodied termites that fly in swarms away from the nest to mate. This occurs after their wings shed. These termites are both male and female. They are able to reproduce and are the termites that pioneer new colonies and nests. They have developed eyes and are able to see. These young alates become new kings and queens. As the queen matures its abdomen grows. This is because with each molt (or litter), a new ovary is formed. The king grows slightly bigger than the other colony members and mates for life with the queen. Once termites hatch they are identical to their elders except for the absence of wings and soldier characteristics.

(0) Comments Permalink